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No.  1000 


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THE  CROSS  ROADS 
OF  THE  PACIFIC 


A SKETCH  OF  THE  WORK  OF 
OUR  CHURCH  IN  THE  HAWAIIAN 
ISLANDS 


Ho 


- ^ H . '-i-  ■ 


THE  BOARD  OF  MISSIONS 

281  FOURTH  AVENUE  ::  NEW  YORK 


i 

..1.  -i  1 ' Li.l  N.I ! 1.  1 ..  1 . .1 

Hawaiian  Islands 


I 


THE  GROSS  ROADS  OF  THE 
PACIFIC 

THE  MISSIONARY  DISTRICT  OF  HONOLULU 


A BIT  OF  HISTORY  The  Flawaiian  Islands, 

formerly  known  as  the 
Sandwich  Islands,  lie  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  a 
half-way  house  on  the  great  highwa}'  of  trade  be- 
tween the  East  and  the  \Vest.  They  are  mainly  of 
volcanic  origin  and  contain  the  largest  active  vol- 
cano in  the  world — Kilauea. 

One  of  the  grouj)  was  discovered  by  Gaetano  in 
loi’J,  but  little  was  known  of  the  islands  until  their 
rediscovery  in  1778  by  CajAain  Cook,  who  named 
them  after  his  patron,  the  Earl  of  Sandwich.  Cook 
was  at  first  treated  as  a god  by  the  natives,  but  he 

died  b}’  their  hands 
in  February,  1779. 
d’he  favorable  re- 
ception of  t w o 
London  ships  in 
1786  led  to  the 
opening  of  a con- 
tinuous trade  with 
England  and 
America.  During 
a scries  of  out- 
rages between 
some  traders  and 
natives  in  1790 
two  American  sail- 
ors— Isaac  Davis 
and  John  Young 

MONUMENT  TO  CAPTAIN  COOK  —'I  ere  Seized  and 

Kealakekua  Bay,  Uatcaii  detained.  Being 


3 


kindly  treated  and  placed  in  high  positions,  they 
rendered  great  service  in  teaching  the  Hawaiians  the 
arts  of  civilized  life. 

RELIGION  : The  religion  of  the  Hawaiians  per- 

THE  TABU  mltted  their  chiefs  and  priests  to 
pronounce  anything  they  pleased  to 
be  tahu  or  forbidden.  Sometimes  for  days  people 
had  to  remain  indoors  without  fire  or  light,  refraining 
from  work  and  speech — silence  being  enforced  even 
on  animals  by  tying  their  mouths  up.  Though  al- 
most unendurable,  the  system  could  not  be  broken 
th  rough  for  fear  of  death.  In  1792  Vancouver,  a 
man  of  gentle  and  religious  spirit,  who  had  been 
one  of  Captain  Cook’s  companions,  revisited  the 
islands.  He  showed  such  kindness  that  Kamehameha 
I in  ITOi  conceded  the  Island  of  Owhyhee  to  Eng- 
land and  begged  for  Christian  teachers.  Vancouver 
carried  this  message  back  with  him,  but  the  Church 
turned  a deaf  ear  to  his  request.  The  influence  of 
his  life,  however,  and  that  of  Davis  and  Young, 
the  two  American  seamen, had  so  changed  the  attitude 
of  the  Hawaiians  that  on  the  decease  of  the  old  king 
in  1819  his  successor  was  persuaded  by  the  two 
dowager  queens  and  the  High  Priest  to  dare  the 
vengeance  of  the  gods  and  to  break  the  tahu.  This 
he  did  at  a public  feast,  and,  when  the  people  saw 
that  no  harm  happened  to  him,  they  shouted  with 
joy,  “The  tabu  is  broken,”  and  Imitated  his  ex- 
ample. Then  the  idols  were  destroyed. 

FIRST  MISSIONARIES  In  the  next  year  some 

American  Congrega- 
tional missionaries  arrived ; but  so  strong  was  the 
desire  for  missionaries  of  the  Church  of  England 
that  it  was  only  on  the  assurance  of  John  Young 


4 


A TYPICAL  HAWAIIAN  GIRL 


that  they  would 
teach  the  same 
Gospel  that  the 
Congregational- 
ists  were  al- 
lowed to  land. 
For  nearly  sev- 
enty • years 
(1792  1860) 

the  islands  re- 
in a i n e d neg- 
lected b}’  the 
Church,  not- 
withstanding 
the  several  ap- 
])cals  made  dur- 
ing this  period 
by  the  native 
Kings  and  the 


English  residents.  Kamehameha  II  and  his  Queen 
advocated  the  cause  in  person,  but  died  in  London 
during  their  visit  in  1824?. 


THE  CHURCH  In  1861  the  Church  of  England 
OF  ENGLAND  at  last  recognized  its  responsibil- 
ities and  consecrated  the  Rev. 
Thomas  X.  Staley  Bishop  of  the  Sandwich  Islands. 
The  first  English  service  was  held  on  Sunda}',  Octo- 
ber 12,  1862,  in  a chapel  provided  by  the  king;  the 
first  baptism  was  that  of  the  queen,  ten  days  later, 
and  in  the  following  month  the  king  and  queen  were 
confirmed.  Bishop  Staley  resigned  in  1870  and  was 
succeeded  by  the  Right  Rev.  Alfred  Willis,  who  laid 
the  foundations  upon  which  his  successor,  Bishop 
Restarick,  has  built. 


5 


THE  RIGHT  REVEREND  HENRY  BOND  RESTARICK.  D.D. 
Biehop  of  the  ilissionary  District  of  Honolulu 


6 


A NEW  ERA 

BISHOP  RESTARICK  After  the  annexation  of 

the  Hawaiian  Islands  by 
the  United  States,  in  1902,  the  English  Society  for 
the  Propagation  of  the  Gospel  withdrew  and  gave  its 
schools,  lands  and  churches,  its  Cliristian  achieve- 
ments and  opportunities,  to  the  American  Church. 
Bishop  Willis  resigned  the  see  of  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  and  the  Rev.  Henry  Bond  Restarick  was 
consecrated  Bishoj)  of  the  Missionary  District  of 
Honolulu,  comprising  Oahu,  iMaui,  Kauai  and  Ha- 
waii, besides  many  smaller  islands.  With  the  new 
regime  caiiie  a spirit  of  progress.  The  fifteen  years 
of  Bishop  Restarick’s  episcopate  have  been  years  of 
steady  and  vigorous  growth  in  all  directions. 

HIS  DISTRICT  His  district  is  a veritable  melting 
pot  of  the  nations.  So  many 
races  of  varied  tongues  and  creeds  inhabit  its  G,l!4'9 
square  miles  that  his  problem  is  complex  and  diffi- 
cult. According  to  the  latest  (1917)  returns,  there 


BISHOP  RESTARICK  .\ND  SOME  OF  HIS  JAPANESE  PARISHIONERS 


7 


8 


ST.  ANDREW'S  CATHEDRAL,  DAVIES  MEMORIAL  PARISH  HOUSE  (AT  RIGHT)  AND  ItlSIIOP'S  RESIDENCE  (AT  LEl'  l ) 

EMMA  SQUARE,  HONOLULU 


ai’e  21,666  Chinese,  79,520  Japanese,  4,500  Koreans, 
22,701  Portuguese,  2,031  Spaniards,  4,896  Porto 
Ricans,  14,409  of  American,  British  and  German 
birth,  26,108  pure  Hawaiians  and  11,912  part 
Hawaiians.  To  increase  the  confusion  there  are 
about  5,000  Mormons  and  44,000  Buddhists. 

THE  WORK  IN  GENERAL  ‘ 

What  is  the  Church  doing  in  the  midst  of  this 
medley?  Tlie  heart  of  the  work,  the  source  whence 
all  its  varied  activities  have  sprung,  is  found 
in  St.  Andrew’s  Cathedral  on  Emma  Square,  Hono- 
lulu. Around  three  sides  of  this  square  are  clus- 
tered the  Davies  iMemorial  Hall  and  Parish  House, 
St.  Peter’s  Chinese  Church,  Hoh’  Trinity  Japanese 
Mission  School,  the  Bishop’s  Residence,  lolani 
School,  St.  Andrew’s  Priory  and  the  George  B. 
Cluett  Home  for  Working  Girls. 

ST.  ANDREW’S  The  corner  stone  of  St.  An- 
CATHEDRAL  drew’s  Cathedral  was  laid  in 
1867  by  Kamehameha  IV,  but 
for  many  reasons  it  was  not  completed  until  Christ- 
mas Day,  1884.  The  people  of  the  various  islands 
go  to  Honolulu  for  business  or  pleasure,  and  in  this 
way  most  of  the  Church  people  are  there  at  some 
time  or  other  during  the  year.  To  many  living  in 
isolated  places,  the  Cathedral  is  the  only  point  of 
contact  with  Church  life.  Here,  as  occasion  arises, 
they  make  their  communions,  or  they  bring  their 
children  to  be  baptized,  and  to  them  it  stands  for 
more  than  words  can  measure. 

In  Honolulu  there  are  also  the  Chinese  church, 
schools  and  parish  house  of  St.  Elizabeth,  a Seaman’s 
Institute  and  chapel,  St.  Andrew’s  native  congrega- 


9 


Honolulu  is  a port  of  call  for  all  the  steamers  plying  between  the  Orient  and  the 
Occident.  Seamen  of  all  nationalities  find  a welcome  here 


tion,  St.  Mary’s  Chinese  chapel  and  the  smaller 
congregations  of  St.  Clement  and  St.  Mark. 

In  addition  to  this  strong  centre  of  evangelistic, 
educational  and  social  work  in  Honolulu,  we  have 
a number  of  stations  on  the  other  islands,  such  as 
the  Church  of  the  Holy  Apostles  at  Hilo  and  Holy 
Innocents  Church  at  Lahaina,  besides  many  Ha- 
waiian, Chinese,  Japanese  and  Korean  Missions. 
Bishop  Restarick,  in  greater  degree  than  any  other 
of  our  domestic  bishops,  carries  on  the  work  of  for- 
eign missions  under  the  American  flag. 

OUR  SCHOOLS 

We  have  eleven  day  schools  in  the  islands,  some 
of  which  are  self-supporting.  In  Honolulu  alone 
are  seven  of  these,  with  600  pupils,  and  three  night 
schools,  which  have  an  attendance  of  120  young 
men.  Nearly  all  the  children  attending  are  those 
of  working  people  of  small  means.  Our  most  im- 
portant educational  work,  however,  is  done  at  lolani 


10 


lOLANI  SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS 

School  for  boys  and  St.  Andrew’s  Priory  for  girls. 
Both  these  institutions  were  founded  in  1867  by 
the  Church  of  England,  and  both  have  had  a helpful 
influence  in  the  history  of  Hawaii. 

lOLAXI  SCHOOL  Founded  as  St.  Alban’s  Col- 
lege,  it  became  lolani  School 
under  Bishop  Willis.  Bishop  Restarick  bought  for 
it  the  old  Armstrong  House,  the  boyhood  home  of 
the  founder  of  Hamjiton  Institute,  whose  father  was 
one  of  the  early  Congregational  missionaries.  Boys 
of  all  nationalities  are  admitted,  but  natives  and 
Chine.se  have  so  far  predominated.  The  first  Korean 
to  receive  Holy  Orders  in  the  American  Church  at- 
tended lolani  School  for  seven  years.  Without  lolani 
School  we  should  have  been  unable  to  train  any  men 
for  work  as  catechists.  A manual  training  department 
has  been  begun,  but  sufficient  funds  to  make  this 
phfxse  of  the  work  thoroutrh  have  not  yet  been  forth- 
coming. 


11 


ST.  ANDREW’S  PRIORY  This  school  was  be- 
””  gun  under  the  care  of 

two  members  of  the  Anglican  communit}',  known  as 
the  Devonport  Sisters.  After  a lifetime  of  work  in 
its  behalf — carried  on  under  conditions  of  extreme 
hardship  when  the  support  of  the  English  Church 
was  withdrawn  ahd  the  American  Church  had  not 
yet  taken  possession — Sisters  Beatrice  and  Albertina 
still  live  near  the  school,  although  they  no  longer 
take  an  active  part  in  its  work.  They  educated  a 
very  lai’ge  number  ' of  tlae  best  Hawaiian  women. 
Miss  Marsh,  who  became  principal  in  1904,  has 
brought  the  school  into  most  excellent  condition, 
and  today  it  owns  a fine  new  building  in  which  100 
people  live.  In  every  wa}'  the  institution  is  well 
conducted  and  “a  Priory  girl,”  it  is  said,  is  known  all 
over  the  islands  by  her  manners,  her  dress  and  her 
speech. 

So  many  people  live  where  there  are  no  educational 
facilities  that  these  schools  are  overcrowded.  Their 
value  can  be  imagined  from  the  fact  that  they  con- 
tribute one-third  to  the  Bishop’s  confirmation 
classes. 


ST.  ANDREW'S  PRIORY  FOR  GIRLS 


12 


ST.  EUZABETH  S CHURCH  AND  PARISH  HOUSE,  HONOLULU 
Exieimte  tcork  among  Ckineset  religious,  social  and  educational,  is  carried  on  here 


AMONG  ORIENTALS 

CHINESE  WORK  Work  among  the  Chinese  was 
commenced  by  Bishop  Willis 
in  1887.  St.  Peter’s  Church,  Honolulu,  was  built 
on  land  given  by  Queen  Emma.  From  the  beginning 
the  mission  has  grown  in  numbers  and  influence. 
In  ten  yt&rs  it  has  supplied  a Chinese  deacon  for 
Bishop  Nichols,  and  a Chinese  priest  for  Bishop 
Willis,  now  of  Tonga.  Three  of  its  young  men  are 
studying  for  the  ministry,  and  three  have  become 
physicians.  Perhaps  the  most  remarkable  products 
are  the  women.  They  carry  Christ  in  their  hearts 
and  exhibit  tlie  progressive  spirit  of  western  civili- 
zation in  their  lives.  At  present  this  work  is  or- 
ganized as  follows:  The  Rev.  Kong  Yin  Tet  is  in 

charge  of  St.  Peter’s,  the  Rev.  E.  W.  iMerrill  in 
charge  of  St.  Elizabeth's,  Honolulu,  the  Rev.  Shim 
Yin  Chin  ministers  to  the  people  in  the  island  of 
Maui  and  we  have  a priest  in  charge  at  Kohala. 


13 


JAPANESE  WORK  Bishop  Restarick  realized 

from  the  first  the  importance 
of  working  among  the  Japanese,  In  1906  P.  T. 
Fukao,  a Christian  who  had  heen  in  the  Islands 
seven  years,  volunteered  and  was  appointed  as  a 
catechist.  Subsequently  he  was  ordained  and  began 
work  at  Holy  Trinity  mission.  Owing  to  his  zeal, 
118  persons  have  been  baptized  and  76  confirmed. 
Japanese-  work  is  also  carried  on  at  Hilo,  a fine 
opening  has  been  secured  at  Paauilo,  and  there  are 
scattered  communicants  at  many  other  places.  Mr. 
Fukao  conducts  a night  school  which,  in  1911,  was 
attended  by  83  young  men, 

KOREAN  WORK  The  Korean  work  is  at  present 
carried  on  at  St.  Elizabeth’s  in 
Honolulu.  There  is  a regular  attendance  of  50 
men  at  services  and  a school  of  30  children.  In 
August,  1912,  18  Korean  men  and  2 women  were 
baptized,  and  16  of  them  were  confirmed.  A build- 
ing is  badly  needed  for  this  work.  There  is  Korean 
work  also  at  Lahaina,  Hilo  and  Wailuku,  but  no 
resident  worker.  Over  one  hundred  have  been  bap- 
tized in  the  past  few  years. 


AN  INTER-ISLAND  STEAMER 


14 


THE  PAST  AND  THE  FUTURE 


Some  idea  of  the  steady  and  healthy  growth  of 
the  work  in  the  Hawaiian  Islands  may  be  had  from 
the  following  table : 


Date 

Clergy 

Stations 

Communicants 

Contributions 
in  the  Field 

1901 

8 

10 

412 

86,585 

1902 

9 

13 

572 

9,605 

190.3 

13 

16 

788 

11,850 

1904 

14 

17 

890 

18,713 

190.5 

16 

18 

952 

21,847 

19<16 

17 

19 

1004 

23,956 

1907 

20 

20 

1082 

25,500 

190, S 

20 

21 

1168 

33,465 

1909 

20 

23 

1314 

38,791 

1910 

20 

2.5 

1410 

35,600 

1911 

20 

26 

1507 

39,200 

1912 

20 

27 

1624 

46,400 

If  this  rate  of  progress  is  maintained,  another 
decade  may  see  Honolulu  a self-supporting  diocese. 
But  in  the  meantime  the  help  of  the  Church  at  home 
is  necessary.  The  opening  of  the  Panama  Canal 
will  increase  the  strategic  importance  of  Hawaii, 
and  incidentaiU’  will  mean  an  added  burden 
on  Bishop  Restarick.  Fifteen  thousand  United 
States  troops  are  stationed  on  Oahu,  and  the  influx 
of  alien  populations  will  constantly  increase.  “All 
these  changes  will  mean  new  problems,”  says  the 
bishop,  “but  the  Church  will  meet  them  with  founda- 
tions firmly  laid.  We  know  that  money  spent  by 
the  Church  in  these  islands  has  brought  splendid 
results  in  Christian  lives  of  wide  influence.  We  need 
its  support  in  the  future,  as  in  the  past.” 


15 


HAWAIIAN  CHRONOLOGY 


1779 — Burial  service  according  to  the  English 
Prayer  Book  read  over  Captain  Cook, 
Kealakekua  Bay,  Hawaii. 

1790 — The  Churchmen,  John  Young  and  Isaac 
Davis,  spared  from  the  massacre  of  the 
Fair  American. 

1792-91 — Visit  of  the  Churchman,  Vancouver. 

1804 — The  first  Christian  service  held  on  land  in 
the  Hawaiian  Islands  by  an  English  sea 
captain  reading  the  burial  service  at 
Honolulu. 

1819 —  The  tahu  abolished  and  idols  destroyed,  owing 

to  the  action  of  Kaahuraanu. 

1820 —  Seven  Congregational  missionaries,  two  min- 

isters, five  laymen  and  their  wives  landed 
at  Kailua,  Hawaii. 

1823 — King  Kamehameha  II  went  to  England,  one 
object  of  his  visit  being  to  obtain  Church 
teachers. 

1862 — Bishop  Staley  arrived  in  October. 

1867 — Kamehameha  V laid  the  cornerstone  of  St. 
Andrew’s  Cathedral. 

1887 — The  choir  of  the  cathedral  opened  for 
worship. 

1893 — IMonarchy  overthrown.  Liliuokalani  con- 
firmed by  Bishop  Willis. 

1898 — August  12th  Hawaiian  Islands  formally  an- 
nexed to  United  States. 

1902 — Bishop  Willis  resigned  and  Bishop  Restarick 
elected  at  a suecial  session  of  the  House 
of  Bishops. 


This  vampklei  may  be  obtained  from  The  Literature  Department,  Board  of  Missions, 
S81  Fourtn  Avenue,  New  York.  Ask  for  No.  100). 

All  offerings  for  Missions  should  be  sent  to  Mr.  George  Gordon  King,  Treasurer, 
Church  Mission  House,  2S1  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York. 


5 Kd.  9-iy.  5M.  Kl.  IM. 


